Hyperosmolar State
Written by Dr Rajesh Kesari MD
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State
This is an acute complication of Diabetes in which blood glucose levels are extremely high, in excess of 800 mg/dl (45 mmol/l). Body tries to get rid of the excess blood glucose through urine, as a result blood gets more concentrated and may even start clotting in blood vessels. Extreme dehydration occurs leading to even seizures and coma. This may affect both Type I & Type II diabetics, even though Type II Diabetics may be affected more.
Causes
It is generally caused due to extreme stress, either a result of infection , Stroke ( paralytic attack) or Heart attack. Blood levels of Hormones which increase blood glucose increase drastically and their just isn't enough insulin in the body to cope up.
Symptoms
Dryness of skin
Excessive urination and thirst
Drowsiness, clouding of consciousness
Seizures, Coma
Treatment
This is a life threatening medical emergency, any diabetic having these symptoms should be rushed to a hospital where Diagnosis is done based on his blood parameters and treatment is initiated.
Insulin in infections & Surgery
During treatment of infections of during surgery it is always preferable to use insulin instead of oral drugs in order to avoid these complications.